Usable vs nameplate kWh
A 10 kWh battery at 90% DoD is 9 kWh usable. Always compare cost per usable kWh, not nameplate.
Stationary battery storage for solar self-consumption and outage backup. LFP chemistry, modular and stackable systems.

Home batteries store solar surplus or off-peak grid energy. Modern residential batteries are LFP (LiFePO4) chemistry with 6,000–10,000 cycle ratings, 10-year warranties and modular AC- or DC-coupled designs.
The economic case in 2026 hinges on three numbers: retail tariff − feed-in tariff (the spread you save by self-consuming), cost per usable kWh capacity over 10 years, and how often you actually cycle the battery. In high-spread markets (Germany, UK, California NEM 3.0) payback is 7–10 years. In low-spread markets (Texas, Florida) it remains marginal without an outage-resilience motivation.
A 10 kWh battery at 90% DoD is 9 kWh usable. Always compare cost per usable kWh, not nameplate.
DC-coupled (paired with hybrid inverter) is ~5% more efficient round-trip but locks you to one ecosystem. AC-coupled (Tesla Powerwall, Enphase 5P) is brand-agnostic and easier to retrofit.
Capacity (kWh) without sufficient power (kW) won't run an AC unit during outage. Look for ≥5 kW continuous for whole-home backup; ≥10 kW for HVAC + EV charging.
Premium LFP: 10 years and 80% retention or 26 MWh throughput. NMC: typically 10 years but with stricter throughput limits. Read the throughput cap — it's the real warranty.
VPP programs (Tesla, Sunrun, OhmConnect) pay $200–600/year for letting your battery participate in grid balancing. Often improves payback by 1–2 years.
Whole-home backup needs a transfer switch and battery sized for your essential loads. Partial backup (lights + fridge) needs only a sub-panel and is much cheaper.
For self-consumption optimisation: roughly 1× your daily evening load (5–8 kWh for a typical home). For outage backup: depends on critical loads × hours of expected outage. A 10 kWh battery covers about 24 hours of fridge + lights + electronics for a typical home.
Powerwall 3 (13.5 kWh, 11.5 kW continuous) wins on price-per-kWh. Enphase 5P (5 kWh modular, 3.84 kW each) wins on partial-failure resilience. Franklin aPower 2 (15 kWh) wins on raw kWh and is a strong value pick. All are LFP and have 10-year warranties.
Depends on your spread between retail and feed-in tariff and how often you cycle. In NEM 3.0 California, Germany, UK Octopus tariffs, payback is 7–10 years. In flat-rate utility regions, payback is closer to 15+ years and outage resilience is the main value.
Premium LFP units retain 70–80% capacity after 10 years and 6,000+ cycles. After warranty, expect another 5–10 years of useful service at reduced capacity. Total useful life is 15–20 years in practice.
Yes via AC-coupled batteries (Powerwall, Enphase 5P) — they install alongside your existing inverter. DC-coupling requires replacing or supplementing your inverter with a hybrid model, which costs more but is more efficient.